MIGRAIN: Audience Theory 1
MIGRAIN: Audience Theory 1
1) Read this Mail Online article about the effects of video games. How does this article link to the hypodermic needle model?
Playing a violent video game for just an hour over a three-day period is enough to increase aggressive behaviour, according to a new study. Prof Bushman said: 'People who have a steady diet of playing these violent games may come to see the world as a hostile and violent place. This links to the hypodermic needle model as these video games inject violent and aggressive behaviour into the audience which can have a dangerous effect on us.
Professor Bushman also compares the effect to smoking:'It's important to know the long-term causal effects of violent video games, because so many young people regularly play these games. 'Playing video games could be compared to smoking cigarettes. A single cigarette won't cause lung cancer, but smoking over weeks or months or years greatly increases the risk. 'In the same way, repeated exposure to violent video games may have a cumulative effect on aggression.' This idea of how smoking becomes addictive overtime, links to how one can be so attached to a videogame just after a three day period and so this goes to show how impactful the media is in society's lives today. The media is so powerful that it shapes our thoughts and opinions by injecting it's message into us.
2) How does coverage of the Talk Talk hacking case link to the hypodermic needle model? Why might someone criticise this front page?
This links to the hypodermic needle model as due to this addiction to video games, the son rarely leaves his room. The media injects information into the son and so this stops him from leaving his room to spend time with his single mother. Due to this addiction, the boy most likely does not fulfil daily tasks like doing his homework which causes him to stay behind in lesson.
This addiction may also lead to the 15 year old losing concentration in lesson which may also cause him to do very badly in his GCSEs.
3) How does this Telegraph feature on Britain's most popular tweeters fit the two-step flow model? Do you think these accounts genuinely have an influence over their audience?
These accounts have huge following and twitter allows people to express opinions so when these popular tweeters post their views they will be most likely have a influence over a huge number of people.
This addiction may also lead to the 15 year old losing concentration in lesson which may also cause him to do very badly in his GCSEs.
Two-step flow model
1) Summarise the two-step flow model. In your opinion, is the two-step flow theory still relevant today?
The two step flow model was developed because the hypodermic needle theory was considered as too simplistic, assuming that the audience consumed media without thinking. The two step flow model suggests that audiences are influenced by 'opinion leaders'. These opinion leaders conciliate how the audience react to media texts.
In my opinion, the two step flow model is still relevant today as they are influenced by their favourite celebrities i.e. Common YouTubers such as Zoella. Zoella is an internet celebrity who creates a wide variety of beauty/ lifestyle videos. This is relevant in today's day and age as this YouTube channel can be seen as a safe place for young girls to be in to learn about beauty trends and just to have a female role model to guide them as they grow up.
2) How does this YouTube blogger fit into the two-step flow model?
This YouTuber fits the two step flow model as he can be seen as as a role model for homesexual individuals. He can be seen as an opinion leader as he has a large audience reach and is very well known. Additionally, People respect his opinion as he is YouTuber and YouTube as a whole is becoming more influential. Lastly, he also has his own makeup line and brings guest stars on his channel for collaborations etc. Manny MUA can also be seen as an advocate for young people who struggle with confidence.
These accounts have huge following and twitter allows people to express opinions so when these popular tweeters post their views they will be most likely have a influence over a huge number of people.
4) Read this BBC profile of Jamal Edwards. How does Jamal Edwards link to the two-step flow model?
Jamal Edwards started off being a film director who was the owner of SBTV Broadcasting company that made videos- typically music videos featuring rap and pop music stars. He can be seen as an 'opinion leader' because he also attracts millions of hits and the business continues to make a fortune by taking a percentage of YouTube's advertising revenues for adverts that are linked to its videos.
1) For each of the four categories, write about one media text that fits that particular audience use or pleasure. Make sure you explain WHY it fits the category and use images or clips to illustrate your points.
Dependency theory
1) Do you agree that audiences have become dependent on the media? What evidence or examples can you provide to support your view? I agree that audiences have become dependant on the media. This is because society has developed so much that due to convenience, the media is used for easy access. Audiences have also become dependant upon the media to find out what the weather is like through using their phones. Watching the news to be aware of societal issues and find out information about what is going on in the world at this current period can also be seen as a way people are dependant upon the media (in relation to watching BBC News)
2) How has the growth of new and digital technology in the last 15 years changed people's dependency on the media? Is this a new problem? Technology has developed so much in the last 15 years that pretty much all of our day to day tasks are done on digital technology. An example of this is online shopping. Instead of going to the shops and buying the product, people are able to buy their items online on their digital devices. This becomes very convenient for people and so this is why everyone has become dependant on technology. Many people also find it much easier to send emails and letter via electronically rather than doing it via post thanks to the development of technology.
3) Reflecting on your own media use, how does your media consumption impact on your emotions? Does the media have an overall positive or negative impact on your health and wellbeing? Why? At times the media can be really uplifting and enjoyable to use as well as to watch. For instance, I find watching some of my favourite films and TV Shows to be very relateable and joyous however, sometimes the media can be quite frustrating. For instance, it can take time for technological processes to take place when your trying to order something online. And also, I tend to spend more time on media platforms instead of going outside and getting some fresh air to play some sports etc. which can have a negative impact on my health and well being. Lastly, the urge of wanting more followers on a particular social platform can increase anxiety and stress which also negatively affects one's wellbeing.
Jamal Edwards started off being a film director who was the owner of SBTV Broadcasting company that made videos- typically music videos featuring rap and pop music stars. He can be seen as an 'opinion leader' because he also attracts millions of hits and the business continues to make a fortune by taking a percentage of YouTube's advertising revenues for adverts that are linked to its videos.
1) For each of the four categories, write about one media text that fits that particular audience use or pleasure. Make sure you explain WHY it fits the category and use images or clips to illustrate your points.
Diversion: Stranger Things- Allows one to escape from reality and enter the world of science fiction. It also allows one's imagination to run wild.
Personal Relationships: Find me In Paris- You can really connect with the main character Lena who is a ballet dancer especially aspiring dancers who wish to experience another side to ballet.
Personal Identity: Banged up Abroad- This British Television Series shows interviews of people who have experienced life-churning situations. This documentary style show really allows one to gain an insight into what these people have experienced and also allows the audience to relate with them through the re-enactments of their experiences.
Surveillance: BBC News- You can gain information about the news and weather which is extremely relevant in today's day and age
Dependency theory
1) Do you agree that audiences have become dependent on the media? What evidence or examples can you provide to support your view? I agree that audiences have become dependant on the media. This is because society has developed so much that due to convenience, the media is used for easy access. Audiences have also become dependant upon the media to find out what the weather is like through using their phones. Watching the news to be aware of societal issues and find out information about what is going on in the world at this current period can also be seen as a way people are dependant upon the media (in relation to watching BBC News)
2) How has the growth of new and digital technology in the last 15 years changed people's dependency on the media? Is this a new problem? Technology has developed so much in the last 15 years that pretty much all of our day to day tasks are done on digital technology. An example of this is online shopping. Instead of going to the shops and buying the product, people are able to buy their items online on their digital devices. This becomes very convenient for people and so this is why everyone has become dependant on technology. Many people also find it much easier to send emails and letter via electronically rather than doing it via post thanks to the development of technology.
3) Reflecting on your own media use, how does your media consumption impact on your emotions? Does the media have an overall positive or negative impact on your health and wellbeing? Why? At times the media can be really uplifting and enjoyable to use as well as to watch. For instance, I find watching some of my favourite films and TV Shows to be very relateable and joyous however, sometimes the media can be quite frustrating. For instance, it can take time for technological processes to take place when your trying to order something online. And also, I tend to spend more time on media platforms instead of going outside and getting some fresh air to play some sports etc. which can have a negative impact on my health and well being. Lastly, the urge of wanting more followers on a particular social platform can increase anxiety and stress which also negatively affects one's wellbeing.
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